Since most video content is not produced or sourced locally, service providers must distribute large volumes of video across backbone networks to an increasing number of video distribution sites (often referred to as hubs or central offices), which process the video for delivery. Delivery to the end viewer occurs over various types of last-mile technologies including terrestrial, Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC), xDSL, and FTTP networks. Historically, video was either compressed in MPEG2 or digitized without compression, and then distributed via backbone networks that have been based on ATM or SONET/SDH. However, as service providers migrate to IP-based video, ATM and SONET/SDH transport becomes inefficient for the delivery of IP multicast to a wide number of endpoints.
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