It is a long held and accepted legal tenet that a Presidential Executive Order has the force of law and is for all intent and purpose "the law of the land." Such Executive Orders have been issued from time to time by Presidents to meet specific national needs or executive prerogative. On January 29, 2000, a memorandum from the Counsel to the President presented the legal argument that a Presidential Directive had the same legal effectiveness as an Executive Order. Following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, President Bush issues a series of Homeland Security Presidential Directives (HSPD) designed to improve the nation's posture of preparedness.
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