The new packet services and applications are radically changing not only traffic demands but also the architecture of transport networks. Adding packet layer support into backbone nodes is considered an important opportunity by telecom carriers that want to integrate packet technologies of the access and metropolitan networks within their networks to improve efficiency and flexibility. In this context, Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is at the moment the most promising and popular packet technology. The resulting new network architecture requires new models and methodologies for designing the network in a cost effective way. The classical network design approaches are no longer appropriate since they cannot capture the traffic aggregation effect due to the added packet layer, and new multi-layer network design models must be adopted.
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