This paper develops a simple and accurate stochastic model for the steady-state throughput of a TCP NewReno bulk data transfer as a function of round-trip time and loss rate. The model builds upon extensive prior work on TCP Reno throughput models but differs from these prior works in three key aspects. First, the model introduces an analytical characterization of the TCP NewReno fast recovery algorithm. Second, the model incorporates a more accurate formulation of NewReno's timeout behaviour. Third, the model is formulated using a flexible two-parameter loss model that can better represent the diverse packet loss scenarios encountered by TCP on the Internet.
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