The Internet has shown a great capability of endless growing without incurring congestion collapse. The key of this success lies in its TCP/IP congestion control algorithm. This paper uses control theoretic analysis to model the Internet flow and congestion control as a time delay system. The paper shows that the self-clocking principle, which is known to be a key component of any stable congestion Internet control algorithm, corresponds to implement a simple proportional controller (P) plus a Smith Predictor (SP), which overcomes feedback delays that are due to propagation times. Different variants of TCP congestion control algorithms, such as classic TCP Reno or the recent Westwood TCP, can be modeled in a unified framework by proper input shaping of the P+SP controller structure.
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