This paper examines the performance of the TCP protocol for bulk-data transfers in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It varies the number of TCP connections and compares the performances of three recently proposed on-demand (AODV and DSR) and adaptive proactive (ADV) routing algorithms. It has been shown in the literature that the congestion control mechanism of TCP reacts adversely to packet losses due to temporarily broken routes in wireless networks. So, a simple heuristic, called fixed RTO is proposed, to distinguish between route loss and network congestion and thereby improve the performance of the routing algorithms. Using the ns-2 simulator, the performances of the three routing algorithms with the standard TCP Reno protocol and Reno with fixed RTO is evaluated.
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