The performance of popular Internet Web services is governed by a complex combination of server behavior, network characteristics and client workload - all interacting through the actions of the underlying Transport Control Protocol (TCP). Consequently, even small changes to TCP or to the network infrastructure can have significant impact on end-to-end performance, yet at the same time it is challenging for service administrators to predict what that impact will be. This paper describes the implementation of a tool called Monkey that is designed to help address such questions. Monkey collects live TCP trace data near a server, distills key aspects of each connection (e.g., network delay, bottleneck bandwidth, server delays, etc.) and then is able to faithfully replay the client workload in a new setting.
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