Conventional wisdom has been that the performance limitations in the current Internet lie at the edges of the network - i.e. last mile connectivity to users, or access links of stub ASes. As these links are upgraded, however, it is important to consider where new bottlenecks and hot-spots are likely to arise. This paper addresses this question through an investigation of non-access bottlenecks. These are links within carrier ISPs or between neighboring carriers that could potentially constrain the bandwidth available to long-lived TCP flows. Through an extensive measurement study, the paper discovers, classifies, and characterizes bottleneck links (primarily in the U.S.) in terms of their location, latency, and available capacity.
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