Recent studies on radio reality provided strong evidence that radio links between low-power sensor devices are extremely unreliable. This paper studies how to improve energy efficiency for reliable communication using such unreliable links. The paper identifies an optimal bound on energy efficiency for reliable communication, and proposes a new communication model in the link layer that asymptotically approaches this bound. This new model indicates a better path metric compared to previous path metrics, and the paper validates this by establishing a routing infrastructure based on this metric, which indeed achieves a higher energy efficiency compared to other state-of-the-art approaches. This paper presents results from a systematic analysis, simulations and prototype experiments based on the MicaZ platform.
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