This paper proposes an attack-resilient routing architecture, called Cross-layer Active RE-routing (CARE), for Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs). Different from existing solutions, CARE does not focus on a particular type of attack, but instead takes a fundamentally general approach - it achieves resilience against a wide range of routing disruption Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks by treating them and "Dysfunctional" network events in the same way. Here, dysfunctional network events denote link and routing failures caused by link contention or node mobility. CARE is a cross-layer scheme that detects attacks at the transport layer but responds to them at the network layer.
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