This paper studies the problem of energy-efficient multicasting in mobile and wireless ad hoc networks. To deal with node mobility, the paper presents a two-tier multicasting model which consists of mobile nodes and stationary nodes. Mobile nodes achieve multicasting through the closest stationary node at lower tier. Stationary nodes route the messages via a multicast tree at higher tier. The paper finds that the energy-efficiency of the multicast tree at higher tier is only dependent upon the aggregate traffic at the stationary nodes. In other words, both node mobility at lower tier and variance of group membership are mapped as dynamic Multicast Traffic Distribution (MTD) at higher tier.
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