In the early 21st century, the Earth's inhabitants have at their disposal a multitude of ground and space technologies enabling them to communicate, identify their position, and observe the Earth and its natural phenomena. Digital and miniaturization technologies are making these facilities more widely available. Europe is very active in this sphere, undertaking the Galileo satellite navigation program. Meteorological satellites will soon be joined by operational oceanographic applications. The French Aeronautics and Space Academy (ANAE) invited a team of specialists to study the strategic, technical and economic aspects of space applications at the service of society. This paper gives the results of this study, and forms part of a comprehensive analysis of the different aspects of space activities.
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