Medium access protocols for wireless sensor networks trade off performance (latency, throughput, and fairness) for cost (energy consumption). They do so by turning off the radio for significant amounts of time reducing the energy wasted by idle listening, which dominates the cost of typical WLAN-based MAC protocols. Other sources of overhead include collisions, overhearing, protocol overhead, and traffic fluctuations. Different protocols take different approaches to reduce (some of) these overheads. They can be classified according three important design decisions - the number of channels used (single, double, or multiple), the way in which nodes are organized (random, slotted, frames), and the notification method used (listening, wakeup, schedule).
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