Providing network connectivity to rural regions in the developing world is an economically challenging problem especially given the low income levels and low population densities in such regions. Leveraging several emerging wireless technologies, this paper presents the case for economically viable networks in rural developing regions. Using the Akshaya Network located in Kerala, India as a specific case study, this paper shows that a wireless network using WiFi for the backhaul, CDMA450 for the access network, and shared PCs for end user devices has the lowest deployment cost. However, if one includes the expected spectrum licensing cost for CDMA450, a network with lease exempt spectrum using WiFi for the backhaul and WiMax for access is the most economically attractive option.
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