One of the four goals listed by Congress in the 1996 welfare reform legislation was to encourage job preparation and work. Work among welfare recipients is widely regarded as part of the social contract - a quid pro quo for the provision of income support - as well as a source of self-esteem and self-reliance among single mothers. This in turn is thought to increase the mothers' chances for long-term economic improvement for themselves and their children. Now that five years have passed since the 1996 reforms were enacted, the evidence shows that while much success has been attained, there are remaining concerns that Congress should debate during reauthorization. This paper reviews both the evidence and the concerns.
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