According to human capital theory, one's incentive to invest in training is directly proportional to the time one expects to work over one's lifetime. Secularly rising women's labor force participation relative to men's implies that women's human capital investments should intensify compared to men's. In turn, rising female relative to male human capital investments suggest a narrowing in the gender wage gap. Thus, during the period 1890-2001, women's earnings should have grown relative to men; and indeed, women's relative earnings grew during this period.
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