There are several types of Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) technologies being used in smart cards. Non-volatile means that the memory is able to retain the information after power is removed form the device. The use of different memory types is driven by several reasons, including security, power consumption, processor speed, chip cost, die size, cycling endurance, development flexibility, and historical reasons. Each type of memory technology has distinct characteristics that can be favourable or disadvantageous for the smart card environment.
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