The demand for greater bandwidth generally creates a need for increased network capacity. The telecommunications industry has responded to this demand with the design and deployment of new DWDM (dense wavelength division multiplexed) and high bit rate TDM (time division multiplexed) optical transport systems with capacities from 40 Gbps to 1.6 Tbps. These higher bit rates and narrower spaced channels make it necessary to examine impairments such as continuity, dispersion, and distortion, in order to qualify network performance, especially in uncharacterized and/or non-standard plants. In this paper, methods and procedures for the characterization of fiber optic networks are developed, data and results from field experiences are described, and the effect and impact on typical network configurations are discussed.
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