This paper investigates SONET/SDH-based Layer 1 and 2 technologies used worldwide that bridge the gap between the present and the future, in a flexible and cost effective manner, namely PoS, EoS via Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), Link Access Procedure- SDH (LAPS), Generic Framing Procedure (GFP), MPLS, RPR, ATM over SONET/SDH, SAN, and Virtual Concatenation. It also describes the types of versatile hardware Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) are looking for to cost effectively support these technologies and to satisfy the next generation Metro carriers' requirements.
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