We discuss the characteristics of portals defined as web-based interfaces to applications. In particular we focus on portals for either education or computing which we assume will be based on technologies developed for areas such as e-commerce and the large Enterprise Information Portal market. Interoperable portals should be based on interface standards, which are essentially hierarchical frameworks in the Java approach but are probably best defined in XML. We describe the underlying multi-tier architecture, the key architecture features of portals and give detailed descriptions for some computational science portals or problem solving environments. We suggest that one needs to introduce two object interfaces – termed resourceML and portal in XML. We show how this fits with recent education standards and describe web-based education in terms of collaborative portals.
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