The rapid growth of Internet and increase in real-time and multimedia applications have created a need to improve Internet routing technology in terms of bandwidth, performance, scalability and delivery of new functionalities. Several proposals involving application of layer 2 switching technology to layer 3 routing have been made to counter above challenges. Noticeable efforts in these directions are Ipsilon's IP Switching, Cisco's Tag Switching, IBM's ARIS, Toshiba's CSR and MPLS. The paper is organized as follows: section 2 discusses initial approaches of IP over ATM, section 3 discusses Ipsilon's IP switching, section 4 discusses Cisco's Tag Switching, section 5 discusses IBM's ARIS, section 6 discusses MPLS proposed by IETF and section 7 summarizes the paper. This is followed a list of references.
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