Ethernet uses a random-access MAC layer protocol, belonging to the Aloha, CSMA, and CSMA/CD protocol families. A necessary requirement for using one of these protocols is solving the stability question collisions waste channel bandwidth, and collisions generate more collisions through a positive feedback effect where the retransmitted packets compete with future arrivals to make the load on the channel tend to grow with time. Fortunately, it was rigorously proven more than 20 years ago that such protocols could be stabilized by employing a suitable dynamic control procedure for rescheduling packets after each collision .
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