Why are Internet attacks so difficult to deal with? A significant factor is that the coverage of the current set of computer security tools is a poor match to the threat, analogous to a fence with multiple gaps. Most current tools fall into two broad categories: Prevention: configuration checking, identification-and-authentication, other encryption-based approaches, ... Limited response to individual instances of known vulnerabilities and attacks: firewalls, intrusion detection systems,...Problems arise because these tools are too often expected to provide broader coverage than their designs permit. The limitations of "prevention" tools are that there is typically a large gap in time between the identification of the vulnerability and the availability of the solution, and partial and faulty deployment resulting in gaps in coverage. Tools for response to individual attacks typically have significant false negative rates (e.g., tunneling through firewalls) or high false positive rates (intrusion detection systems). With these tools, there is also a gap between the onset of new types of attack and when signatures/rules become available to handle them.
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